gyti.techpedia@sristi.org
Sodium-ion Batteries: From Materials Development To Technology And The Role Of Two-dimentional Layered Materials
Project Description :

In the present scenario, due to a limited source of lithium around the world, an alternative technology of sodium-ion batteries having all functionalities similar to lithium-ion batteries is garnering more interest. researchers are more interested in the development of electrode materials to improvise the performance of the batteries without incurring an extra cost. but the end result of all this work is running all the portable electronic devices in the world, and things like electric cars as well. but so far, for a country like india, there are no lithium ores and hence sodium-ion battery is the only alternative which can help to overcome these challenges towards greater utilization of renewable energy through this cost-effective energy storage technology. sodium-ion battery has added the expectation of market growth with an inspiring annual rate of ~ 24% for the period of 2018-2022. this is because sodium is abundant in nature, and sibs display electrochemical behaviour that is similar to lithium-ion batteries (libs). the recent challenges faced by the electrode materials in sib includes the materials having low electronic and ionic conductivities and less interlayer spacing to store the sodium effectively. the low electronic and ionic conductivities affect the ability to store na+ effectively resulting in the stresses developed during cycling. the basic challenge is to restrict the severe volume expansion or contraction of the electrode materials, resulting in eventual electrode pulverization and performance decay during the charging/discharging process. although hard carbon has dominated over other anode materials for sodium-ion battery applications. however, due to increasing market demands, the hard carbon having the lower specific capacity and low rate capability will not be able to meet the requirements thus provoking the search for more efficient anode materials with good rate capability, high specific-capacity and high coulombic efficiency. developing low-cost electrode material for the sodium-ion battery will help in the commercialization of this technology which will be immensely beneficial for grid-level storage of renewable energy. the positive impact of this research is decreased carbon dioxide emissions from greater use of clean electricity through the use of low-cost sodium-ion batteries developed using these 2d material-based anodes. the present innovation will drive society into a low emission green energy scenario, especially in india, where there is a huge demand for energy storage at a competitive price and with low environmental impact. several high-performance sodium-rich cathode materials have been developed, which show excellent electrochemical performance. nevertheless, the large-scale application of the ultimate metal-free sodium-ion battery that has a full cell configuration is hampered due to the unavailability of reliable anode materials. the need for the application of these materials in the field of energy storage devices arises due to its availability, easiest way of preparation, tunable properties and layered structures which results in high specific capacity fascinating stable electrochemical performance. graphene has been widely used in energy storage applications due to its high electronic conductivity, high surface area, ability to functionalize and flexibility. inspired by graphene, layered 2d materials have become the research attraction by reason of their exceptional physical and chemical properties. the tunable chemistry of these inorganic 2d materials resulting from dimensionality effect and modulation in their band structure offers opportunities for opening up new fundamental and technological pathways for high-performance electrodes in energy storage devices. motivated by the advantages of 2d materials in energy storage applications, the compounds of group 6 tmds having mx2 structure, where m stands for (mo, and w) and x stands for chalcogens (s, se, te), the class of 2d nanomaterials such as mos2, mose2, mote2, ws2, wse2 and wte2 etc. have shown great attention to the scientific community to pursue research in these materials. we demonstrated a two-dimensional (2d), layered structured molybdenum di-telluride (mote2) as anode material in sibs through this work. mote2 has been synthesized through a facile solid-state reaction route, and it has been used as an anode material without further surface modification or any conductive-coating carbon additives. microstructure mote2 materials with a large te–mo–te interlayer spacing of 0.699 nm appears to be a promising anode material for na-ion battery applications. this 2-d mote2 anode material showed a peculiar electrochemical performance for sib with the highest discharge capacity of ~320 ma h g-1 (at the current rate of 1 a g‒1) and it retains a high capacity of 270 ma h g−1 after 200 cycles with outstanding rate capability. further, a sodium-ion full cell is constructed by coupling the mote2 as anode and sodium vanadium phosphate na3v2(po4)3 (nvp) as the cathode. the sodium-ion full cell retains 88% of its initial capacity after 150 cycles at a current density of 0.5 a g−1. operating at an average potential of ~2 v, the full cell delivers a high energy density of 414 wh kg−1. based on the performed electrochemical tests it has been observed that mote2 can be a potential anode material for future high energy, high power na-ion battery applications. the present results showed a way to produce high rate rechargeable sodium-ion batteries and could be multiplexed to a large-scale energy storage system in the near future. it is observed that the two-dimensional layer material, mote2 could be a potential anode material in high-performance sodium-ion batteries in the near future. our work opens up a new direction to the anode materials for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries. it is more important to develop sodium-ion battery technology in india which has poor reserves of lithium ores and hence will help the country towards greater utilization of renewable energy through cost-effective energy storage.

 
Other Photos :
 

No Updates

 
Project Details :
  • Date : Nov 10,2019
  • Innovator : Manas Ranjan Panda
  • Guide Name : Prof. Sagar Mitra
  • University : Indian Institutes of Technology Bombay
  • Submission Year : 2020
  • Category : Electromechanical Systems Engineering
Share Project :