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Prosthetic Hand Under Myoelectric Control
Project Description :

In medicine, a prosthesis, is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part, which may be lost through trauma, disease, or congenital conditions. prosthetic limbs are incredibly valuable to amputees because a prosthesis can help restore some of the capabilities lost with the amputated limb. although prosthetic limbs have still not advanced to the point where they can rival the functionality provided by biological limbs, the capabilities they do provide can be significant. great strides are being made each day in the field of prosthetics, and while great technological challenges remain, artificial limbs are becoming increasingly similar to real limbs. functional arm prosthetics can be broadly categorized into two camps: body-powered and externally-powered prosthetics. body-powered prosthetics use cables and harnesses strapped to the individual to mechanically maneuver the artificial limb through muscle, shoulder, and arm movement. while they are highly durable, they often sacrifice a natural appearance for moderate functionality. as well, though the user experiences direct control and feedback through its mechanical operation, the process can be fatiguing. externally-powered artificial limbs are an attempt to solve this physical exertion through using a battery and an electronic system to control movement. at the forefront of this technology is the myoelectric prosthetic. the aim of this project is to develop a functional prosthetic hand having gripping motion and wrist rotation which will be controlled using myoelectric sensors. prosthesis is broadly divided into two types passive prosthesis and active prosthesis. passive prosthesis are those which are focused on appearance and/ or control of arm. whereas active prosthesis are those where users have a control over the function of hand (may be externally powered, body powered and hybrid). the first step is to detect myoelectric signals from muscle contractions, process them and convert them to a form suitable as input to a microcontroller. the microcontroller takes further action and brings about the required motion of the hand using an actuator, that is the servomotor. electromyographic (emg) signals are measured as the electric potential of the skin when the muscles contract. the concept is that when muscle groups are activated (contract/relax), there is a voltage difference in the order of a few mill volts. this difference can be easily detected using surface electrodes. a myoelectric sensor uses surface electrodes to detect muscle action potentials from underlying skeletal muscles that initiate muscle contraction. by taking feedback from sensors a complete embedded system is built to control different motions of hand. a 3-dof arm is proposed, which will enable the wearer to carry out simple tasks such as picking objects. movements provided will be: elbow flexion and extension, wrist flexion and extension, wrist adduction and abduction, and a gripping motion at palm. actuation is provided by hydraulic means as well as using servomotors. use of carbon fiber as exoskeleton or material is proposed. wearer comfort is also taken into account. lifting capacity must be at least 2 kg, in order to be of any practical use. this is an interdisciplinary project, and we are working on this along with mechanical department. the mechanical design and manufacture will be done with the mechanical department students along with strength analysis. we want to develop this arm keeping the cost as low as possible. potential beneficiaries will include adults and children, military veterans and civilians; irrespective of their socio-economic standards.

 
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Project Details :
  • Date : Jan 31,2015
  • Innovator : Aishwarya Hendre
  • Team Members : Sarvesh Chakradeo
  • Guide Name : Prof. Savita Kulkarni
  • College : Maharashtra Institute of Technology Pune
  • University : University of Pune
  • Submission Year : 2015
  • Category : Electromechanical Systems Engineering
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