Accurate and continuous monitoring of fruit and plant growth is essential for optimizing agricultural productivity, estimating crop yields, and determining the best harvest times. traditional dendrometry methods rely on frequent manual measurements, which can disturb the natural growth process. additionally, these methods have limited resolution, making it difficult to capture rapid changes in growth dynamics. to overcome these challenges, we have developed a hydrophobic, stretchable, and highly sensitive piezoresistive sensor for real-time monitoring of fruit growth in open environments. this sensor uses a graphene–silicone-based screen-printable paste (gsicp) and offers excellent performance, including high sensitivity (2050), stretchability (125%), and durability (5000 cycles). the sensor can detect minimal growth changes with a detection limit of 0.04%, making it suitable for measuring even the slowest growth rates. the gsicp sensors are non-invasive, allowing them to monitor growth without interfering with the natural development of fruits or plants. their hydrophobic properties make them ideal for outdoor use, where exposure to moisture and environmental factors is common. in our study, we used these sensors to monitor the growth of brinjal (eggplant) over 15 days in a field environment. by integrating the sensors with internet of things (iot) technology, we were able to collect real-time growth data remotely. the developed sensors can provide valuable insights into the effects of fertilizers, sunlight, ph, and temperature on fruit development, which will be helpful for research professionals. the developed sensors can assist in accurately monitoring the effects of fertilizers, solar radiation, ph levels, and temperature variations on fruit development. this data is crucial for researchers striving to optimize agricultural practices and enhance crop yield.
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