"the rise in water demand due to the covid-19 pandemic is stressing the existing sources of freshwater. this is possible only if water consumed by people is recycled and reused, so that their routine water wastage is minimal, and so is their daily freshwater requirement. the pandemic has increased daily per capita water consumption, primarily for continuous disinfection. hand washing has become a sort of norm, and is gradually becoming a part of routine. water consumption will rise, averaging 3-10 lit/ person/day, putting additional strain on existing water networks. along with it, more detergents and disinfectants are being introduced into our ecosystem, all of which will have a long-term impact. these anticipated challenges must be addressed by developing advanced and compact point-of-use treatment systems dealing with disinfectants and enable sustainable hygiene practices during water crises. domestic wastewater consists of black water from toilets and greywater from other sources like bathrooms, washbasins, and kitchen sinks etc. greywater typically accounts for 55-75% of total domestic wastewater, with variations depending on overall water consumption. as per is: 1172- 1957, total water consumption in india should be 135 litres/capita/day or less, with 70-90 litres generated as greywater. the wastewater from kitchen sinks, and laundry is more contaminated and is referred to as dark greywater, whereas less contaminated bathroom wastewater is referred to as light greywater. bathing & washing together contribute to nearly 80 lit/ capita/ day, which is the target water for the proposed 'fiowsink'. if this greywater is recycled and reused, each four-membered family can save nearly 116,800 litres of freshwater annually. due to the need for significant space in a household, the high initial cost, and variation in wastewater quality, greywater recycling technologies have not been widely adopted. to overcome these, we propose developing a 'greywater sink,' which consists of a compact treatment system that can fit under a sink and is capable of treating light greywater bath wastes."
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