One of the major challenges in front of our modern world is to mitigate climate change, for which greenhouse gas emissions have been a prime contributing factor. burning of agricultural crop-residue adds to these emissions of greenhouse gases (ghg) like carbon dioxide (co2), methane (ch4), nitrous oxide (n2o), and other air pollutants like particulate matter and smoke. in this study, the impact of the production of bio-composites from rice straw instead of burning it in the field on greenhouse gas emissions is studied. the emissions produced from burning paddy residue in the field are estimated and compared with the estimated emissions during the collection of straw, its transportation and during different bio-composite manufacturing processes. further, district-wise greenhouse gas (ghg) and air pollutants emitted due to paddy-residue burned in punjab and haryana of india are calculated. as estimated, burning of paddy straw residue in punjab during oct-nov 2020 produced emissions of co2, ch4, n2o, and total ghg emissions as 15117.82 gg co2eq., 3448.984 gg co2eq., 1683.127 gg co2eq., and 20249.931 gg co2eq., respectively. burning the paddy residue on the field notably causes emissions of about 1576 kg co2eq./tonne of straw burnt. despite many alternatives, the agricultural residues are being burned on the field by the farmers due to time and economic constraints. life-cycle assessment (lca) is carried out to study the impacts of rice straw bio-composites mainly particleboard and fibreboard on cradle-to-gate emissions, using literature as well as lca software. the process of collection of straw from the field and its transportation to the bio-composite manufacturing plant is estimated to emit only about 28.883 kg co2eq./tonne of straw of ghg emissions. additionally, emissions produced from four types of rice strawboard (fibreboard and particleboard) production are estimated. estimated ghg emissions from manufacturing processes followed in the literature to prepare rice straw fibreboards and particleboards are about 300-500 kg co2eq./tonne of straw. likewise, life-cycle assessment (lca) modelled in lca software simapro 9.0 produced similar results of 400-750 kg co2eq./tonne of straw of ghg emissions for the same products. generally, a major contribution to emissions is due to the energy consumption by machinery during the manufacturing of rice straw bio-composite, followed by emissions due to its materials, mainly binder. the ghg emissions in product stages mainly depend on the techniques adopted for collection, level of mechanization, transport distance, type of transportation, type of pretreatments given to rice straw, binder, desirable properties of bio-composite, which needs to be monitored to reduce the emissions. rice straw bio-composites showed comparable properties to existing industrial strawboards and wooden boards and satisfied all the standards as per indian standards for mdf and particleboards except water resistance properties. given these points, only about 25-60% of ghg emissions are produced during the cradle-to-gate stage (a1-a3) of rice straw bio-composites compared to open field burning of the paddy straw, which shows promising results for this alternate method of straw utilization. besides avoiding the burning of straw, these composites can be an alternative to wood products in the construction sector. thus, helping to avoid the burden on forest resources and save emissions from manufacturing wooden particleboards and fiberboards. finally, this will help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change for sustainable infrastructure development and a better future.