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Fabrication Of High Performance Fishbone-like Cu(in,ga)se2 Nanomesh By A Novel Pulse-reverse Electrodeposition Technique
Project Description :

The present innovation has employed a novel pulse-reverse electrodeposition approach for the fabrication of nanostructured cu(in,ga)se2 (cigs) films. the process is novel in that it overcomes the stoichiometry related problems associated with the conventional direct current method and also obviates the use of reference electrode, complexing agents and an additional selenization step as often employed for preparation of cigs films. the method comprises the steps of immersing a conducting substrate as cathode and a graphite plate as anode into the electrolyte containing water soluble precursors of copper, indium, gallium and selenium and a buffer electrolyte with ph between 2 – 4, without adding any organic additives and subjecting to pulse-reverse electrodeposition. the process uses a cathodic potential in the range of 0.7 v – 1.5 v and anodic potential in the range of 0.1 - 0.5 v, with pulse period in the range of 1-100 ms. the deposition is carried out at room temperature and no post annealing treatment was required to improve the crystallinity. the parameters including the pulse period and cathodic and anodic potentials have been appropriately manipulated to electrodeposit the nanostructured cigs films. the electrodeposited cigs films have been comprehensively characterized to study their morphological features, elemental composition, phase constitution, absorption behaviour, impedance studies and photoelectrochemical response. results reveal the formation of chalcopyrite cigs containing the fishbone-like nanomesh structures. the thickness and length of the nanorods in nanomesh can be independently controlled by varying the pulse parameters. composition analysis unveils the near-ideal stoichiometry of cigs films desired for application in solar cells. phase constitution analysis of nanostructured cigs films using xrd, raman and tem comprehends the formation of phase-pure chalcopyrite cigs without any undesired secondary phases. the formation of secondary phases such as cu-se alongside cigs is often observed during the electrodeposition of cigs leading to the necessity of post-processing of deposited films like kcn etching to eliminate them. however, the appropriate manipulation of pulse parameters in the present innovation has aided in the formation of phase-pure cigs films with fishbone-like nanomesh morphology. the absorption studies shows an absorbance of ≈ 3 which is equivalent to the absorption of ≈ 99.9 % of the incident light with only 0.1% of the light being transmitted. the tremendous increase in the surface area due to the nanomesh structures is majorly responsible for the exceptional absorption of incident light. due to the geometry of well-connected network of nanorods in nanomesh, the incident light undergoes multiple internal reflections leading to efficient absorption of light. mott-schottky analysis of cigs nanomesh not only confirm the p-type conductivity but also resulted in a 150-fold increased double layer capacitance compared to planar cigs films. ultimately, photoelectrochemical studies of cigs nanomesh has yielded a 40-fold increased photocurrent density over planar cigs. the geometry of nanomesh structure shows complimentary effect on the performance of photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical devices. because, in nano-rod configuration, the thickness required to absorb the light can be matched by the height of the rods while charge separation occurs in the orthogonal direction throughout the rod. the distance travelled by minority carriers is equal to the thickness of the rod which should decrease charge recombination, especially in semiconductors with short minority carrier diffusion length. owing to these advantages, nano-structuring of the absorbers in thin-films solar cells is considered to increase the conversion efficiency significantly. in conclusion, high performance cigs fishbone-like nanomesh has been fabricated using a novel, simple, economic and environmental friendly pulse-reverse electrodeposition approach. the high-performance cigs nanomesh films are potentially ideal candidates for application in photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation, nanostructured thin-film solar cells and inorganic-polymer hybrid solar cells. in addition, the exceptionally improved double layer capacitance of cigs nanomesh demonstrate their potential ability to be used in charge storage devices.

 
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Project Details :
  • Date : Jan 29,2015
  • Innovator : Sreekanth Mandati
  • Team Members : Bulusu V. Sarada, Suhash R. Dey And Shrikant V. Joshi
  • Guide Name : B. V. Sarada And Suhash Ranjan Dey
  • College : Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad
  • Submission Year : 2015
  • Category : Materials Science
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