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Enhanced Biomethanation Of Organic-rich Waste Using High Organic Loaded Anaerobic Digestion (holand)
Project Description :

The developed high organic loaded anaerobic digestion (holand) represents a novel advancement in the anaerobic digestion (ad) of organic-rich wastes overcoming the limitations associated with conventional single-phase wet ad systems. by addressing the challenges of high solid content, acid accumulation, and dependency on water for dilution, holand provides a sustainable and efficient solution for decentralized waste management and renewable energy generation. this innovation contributes to advancing waste-to-energy technologies and promotes the principles of a circular economy. conventional wet ad systems face major operational constraints when applied to food waste (fw), which is characterized by a high total solids (ts) content (18-25%). to ensure efficient microbial activity, traditional systems require fw to be diluted to reduce ts levels to 5-8%, leading to several drawbacks. these include increased reactor volume, prolonged hydraulic retention times (hrt), and significant water (natural resource) consumption. additionally, conventional systems are hindered by the rapid acidogenesis of fw, which leads to volatile fatty acid (vfa) accumulation and a subsequent drop in ph. this disrupts the balance between the sequential ad phases: hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis thereby reducing biogas yield and overall process efficiency. the holand system directly addresses these limitations. it eliminates the need for water-based dilution, enabling the reactor to operate at high organic loading rates (olr) of up to 14.3 kgvs/m³/day while maintaining a short hrt of 26 days. this high olr is achieved without compromising process stability or treatment efficiency. the system also ensures an 80% reduction in volatile solids (vs), indicating effective organic matter breakdown and waste stabilization. such efficiency minimizes the environmental footprint of waste disposal and maximizes resource recovery. several innovative strategies are incorporated into the holand design. these include precise control of process parameters, particularly ph, to mitigate acidogenesis bottlenecks and maintain microbial activity. the reactor also employs co-digestion with other organic materials, such as sewage sludge or poultry waste, to balance the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and enhance biogas production. additionally, the inclusion of conductive materials within the reactor improves microbial syntrophy by facilitating enhanced electron transfer, thereby enhancing both biogas yield and process stability. the holand system addresses the deficiencies of existing ad technologies. phase-separation reactors, which attempt to manage the sequential phases of ad in separate units, often face increased operational complexity, loss of volatile components during material transfer, and disruption of microbial syntrophy. similarly, external buffering agents used to control ph increase treatment costs and reduce sustainability due to flocculation of organic material. by operating as a single-phase system, holand maintains microbial syntrophy, reduces operational complexity, and eliminates the need for costly external inputs. holand also resolves issues related to sludge management, a common challenge in conventional ad systems. the high moisture content of digestate produced during traditional ad processes complicates its transportation and application as a biofertilizer. the holand system effectively mitigates this challenge by generating nutrient-dense digestate with superior handling characteristics, facilitated by the elimination of water requirements for dilution. this digestate serves as a valuable byproduct for agricultural applications, enhancing the economic viability of the system. applications of the holand system include waste treatment and energy generation in residential complexes, small communities, rural areas, and urban environments with space constraints. its compact and odor-free design ensures easy integration into decentralized waste management frameworks. by producing biogas as a renewable energy source and nutrient-rich digestate for agricultural use, holand aligns with the principles of sustainable development and the circular economy. compared to earlier attempts at high-solid anaerobic digestion, the holand system achieves superior performance. previous studies reported delayed biogas production, low yields, and dependence on specialized microbial inocula. in contrast, holand achieves two fold more biogas yields using standard digestate from functional anaerobic systems as inoculum. this eliminates the need for specially cultured microorganisms, reducing operational costs and simplifying implementation. thus, the holand system offers a highly efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective solution for fw treatment. by combining innovative reactor design with strategies for maintaining high olr, short hrt, and effective vs reduction, it significantly outperforms conventional wet ad systems. its ability to treat undiluted high-solid fw makes it a practical and scalable technology for renewable energy generation and waste management, addressing critical global challenges in resource recovery and sustainability.

 
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Project Details :
  • Date : Dec 30,2024
  • Innovator : Hemapriya S
  • Guide Name : P. Sankar Ganesh
  • University : Birla Institute of Technology & Science
  • Submission Year : 2024
  • Category : Environmental Engineering
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