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Development Of An Effective Snake Repellent For The Protection Of Farmers From Snakebites
Project Description :

Snakebites have been a significant concern, often leading to fatal consequences, for centuries. this is a time-critical situation requiring rapid action to save lives. the incidents of snakebites and envenoming are reported to be quite high in agricultural fields resulting in increased mortality and morbidity among farmers. as snakes are an essential component of the ecosystem, our innovation does not hurt them; rather, it efficiently repels or deters them. the innovation also targets another issue of waste management by providing an efficient, sustainable approach for the utilization of agricultural wastes like crop straws for the production of ammonia. there has been a lack of production of commercial products for snake repellence using natural sources. plant bioactives are reported to possess antiophidic and snake-repellent properties due to odors that are revolting for snakes like ammonia, sulfur, cinnamon-like, spicy, and bitter. studies have reported that the bioactive eugenol is effective in repelling snakes. plants that are rich sources of eugenol include clove, cinnamon, pepper, and ginger. onion and garlic are rich in organo-sulfur compounds like allicin, alliin, cysteine sulfoxides, and s-allyl cysteine responsible for antiophidic properties (sagar et al., 2022; shang et al., 2019; zhao et al., 2021). cinnamon is rich in the phytocompound cinnamaldehyde which is responsible for its characteristic smell that is an irritant for snakes. the plant andrographis paniculata has a distinct unpleasant scent that contributes to deterring snakes (nayak et al., 2020). the strong odor of vinegar, ammonia, citronella, lemongrass, eucalyptus, and peppermint due to the presence of bioactives like citronellal, menthol, 1,8-cineole, a-limonene, and citral may also enhance snake-repellent properties (asante-kwatia et al., 2021; deshpande et al., 2022; kp & muthuswamy, 2021; sheikh et al., 2021). lemon has high levels of citric acid and produces an unpleasant smell that is aversive to snakes. vetiveria zizaniodes repels snakes with a potent odor that is offensive or reminiscent of their predators. these powerful scents efficiently mask the smells of target organisms that attract snakes, while being repugnant or irritating to the snakes themselves. epsom salt serves as an excellent deterrent for snakes by emitting an odor to which they are particularly sensitive. the lime solution when mixed with strong odors like essential oils can exhibit antiophidic activity. cedrus deodara (cedarwood) is considered a natural snake repellent, attributed to its strong scent. the smaller the wood chips, the stronger the smell that is unpleasant for snakes. the innovation was developed using plant extracts of allium cepa (onion), capsicum annum (chilli pepper), andrographis paniculata (kalmegh), cinnamomum verum (cinnamon), zingiber officinale (ginger), and vetiveria zizaniodes (khus), as well as oils derived from cymbopogon nardus (citronella), eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus), syzygium aromaticum (clove), cinnamomum verum (cinnamon), allium sativum (garlic), mentha piperita (peppermint), citrus limon (lemon) and cymbopogon citrates (lemongrass). the bacteria degrading agricultural waste (crop straws) were screened and isolated from degrading waste matter. the inoculum was added to the waste and allowed to degrade for around 7 days. the procured leachate from the degraded waste is a source of ammonia, organic carbon, sulfur, vinegar, and volatile fatty acids. the leachate was mixed with aqueous extracts of onion, chilli pepper, kalmegh, cinnamon, ginger, and khus. additionally, citronella oil, eucalyptus, clove oil, garlic oil, peppermint oil, lemon oil, and lemongrass oil. epsom salt, lime solution, vinegar obtained from the fermentation of molasses using acetobacter aceti, and cedarwood chips were also added to the formulation. lecithin extracted from soyabean was added as an emulsifying agent. the prepared composition was stored in a clean, sterile bottle with a farmer-centric design for ease of use. the composition aims to facilitate snake deterrence and antiophidic activity.

 
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Project Details :
  • Date : Dec 31,2024
  • Innovator : Toshika Mishra
  • Team Members : Toshika Mishra,Swati Punetha,Prof. Dr. Suneetha Vuppu
  • Guide Name : Prof. Dr. Suneetha Vuppu
  • University : Vellore Institute of Technology
  • Submission Year : 2024
  • Category : Bioengineering / Biotech
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