Problem: the thousands of kilometres long network of oil pipelines in india have been existing for decades across various geographical regions and across this span, a number of pipeline leaks have happened causing loss and damage to human life, collateral damage, environmental degradation, product loss (oil is an important resource for the economy) and in worst cases, fires and explosions. there is a pressing need to predict and prevent such dangers. current scenario: to monitor the health of the pipelines, various foreign inspection agencies are paid heftily on a service-to-service basis to come and inspect the pipelines and detect the location of leaks/damages etc. this is not only an extremely expensive process, it is also a very slow one and causes long durations of downtime annually. some indian solutions exist but these are at research level and not readily commercially available. our innovation - smart pig: smart pig is a robot that can be introduced into the pipelines at one of the pumping stations, can traverse the pipeline internally for huge distances in short duration, collect inspection data along the length and can eventually be taken out of the pipeline to mark the locations on the pipeline map where there is a damage or the health is weak and preventive actions can be taken. the robot collects data through various sensors it is equipped with like ultrasonic transducer, camera and hydrophone, to make accurate measurements of pipe wall thickness and structural integrity assessments at every point in its path. it stores the data on-board which is later taken out for analysis and defect location. on-board sensors and data fusion are used for feature-localization. the robot has a passive propulsion mechanism, saving power and preventing other potential dangers due to batteries or power supply. this also means that the robot can travel long distances without interruption, unlike most of the rovs (remotely operated vehicle) today that are limited by the length of their cables and the strength of their batteries. the modular design of the robot gives the flexibility of adding any extra features in the future for example for cleaning. the design also leverages minimalism, contributing to the robots lightness and robustness. conclusion: our innovation envisions a scenario where the pipeline owners can reliably run their operations at low cost, at high speed and with confidence, guarantee the safety of human lives around the pipelines, their homes, their livelihoods and the environment against any pipeline related hazard. our smart pig robot is the means to achieving this.